
Before getting excited about the next super steel, perhaps we should start asking manufacturers a much simpler question : How good is your heat treatment?
Because sometimes, the real magic isn’t in the steel. It’s in the oven.
Let’s get something straight: I have no PhD in metallurgy, and 9Cr18MoV is not exactly the rock star of the knife steel world.
Or at least, that’s what I used to think. Especially after being disappointed by 8Cr13MoV, particularly when cutting cardboard. It simply didn’t impress me in terms of edge retention.
That 8Cr13MoV found in the Spyderco Tenacious and 9Cr18MoV may sound like close relatives, but there’s a significant difference between them. 9Cr18MoV contains more carbon, considerably more chromium and more molybdenum, giving it greater potential for hardness, wear resistance and corrosion resistance.
While 8Cr13MoV is an easy-to-sharpen budget steel and tough enough to open oysters (with a clipitool), 9Cr18MoV is a more ambitious formula, with the potential to deliver better edge retention when properly heat-treated.

And now that I’m using the Spyderco Retract, a few questions have started popping into my steel whore head. Especially because I’m certainly not treating this knife with kid gloves.

Oysters, dinner plates, cardboard, the occasional drop on the floor… this poor thing has been through quite a bit. And yet, it simply refuses to chip.
Sure, it gradually loses some of its bite, as any working edge eventually does. But here’s the surprising part: bringing that bite back is remarkably easy. A few passes on a ceramic rod and the edge comes back to life. It’s almost as if the steel is never really far from its original sharpness. It loses its bite, but somehow never seems to lose its potential.
And that’s what got me curious about 9Cr18MoV .
Go figure : I’m even beginning to consider leaving my precious REX 121 and MagnaMax specimens at home on my next trip, and trusting the job entirely to my little Retract. Now that’s something I never thought I’d say.
Trust… Damn it, trust! Me, always chasing the pleasure of discovering, testing and playing with exotic steels, and here I am, finding myself in a relationship built on something as mundane as trust ?! Who would have thought? Maybe that’s the ultimate compliment you can pay a knife. Not how exotic its steel is, not how much it costs, or how impressive its specifications look on paper. But simply knowing you can rely on it.
My Retract is what it is today thanks to Ed, Patrick, and a little something else… that indefinable je-ne-sais-quoi that turns an ordinary knife into something special : 9Cr18MoV. Damned !

Ah, 9Cr18MoV… What a lame name! (Yes, that’s a French pun: lame means blade in French.) Seriously, couldn’t they come up with something a little more memorable? ApexJet, TitanCut, DragonSteel, MaxaLee, InfluencerMax or CutMyWallet… Anything but that!
9Cr18MoV sounds less like a steel designation and more like the registration plate of a Chinese delivery van. True, it’s often dismissed as just another cheap Chinese stainless steel. Nothing particularly exciting, right?
Well, hold on a minute.

Around 2009, Sal Glesser experimented with a rather unusual Byrd project: the Titanium Catbyrd. Apparently limited to just 200 pieces, this small production run was intended to test a Chinese-made stainless steel, 9Cr18Mo, often compared to 440C.
My friend Jur offered me a Titanium CatByrd and once told me that it was essentially the Chinese equivalent of 440C. Not quite 440C, of course, but a comparable type of stainless steel, produced in China and often regarded as a budget alternative.

And that’s where things get interesting.
Because calling it a Chinese equivalent of 440C doesn’t tell us much about what this steel can actually do.
Composition is one thing. Heat treatment is another.
And there’s something many steel snobs, like myself, tend to forget: the steel itself is only part of the equation. A good blade is the result of three things working together: steel composition, heat treatment and blade geometry. Get all three right, and even an unfashionable steel can deliver some seriously impressive performance. Bushcrafters know that with their O1, 1095, 12C27, 14C28 blades…
And that’s where our “registration plate of a Chinese delivery van steel” gets interesting. Heat treatment is not some boring technical detail buried in a manufacturer’s specifications. It’s what turns a dull piece of steel into a living working blade. We have a great example of this with Shane Houston’s own heat-treatment recipe for CPM 15V. By carefully tweaking the heat-treatment process, he demonstrated just how much potential can be unlocked from an already exceptional steel.
The lesson is simple: even the best steel needs someone who knows what they’re doing. And sometimes, the real magic happens in the heat-treatment oven. And you know what? It looks like Spyderco may have found a pretty good cooking master in Yangjiang (阳江), in China’s Guangdong province.
But let’s not forget Sal Glesser himself. He’s a self-confessed “Steel Whore” — his own words : “I’m a steel whore. I’ll make whatever that small group of steel-heads like. I’ll just make sure it’s all good stuff.”
The man loves experimenting with steels, mixing and matching, searching for the right cocktail to get the best out of each knife. And perhaps that’s exactly what we’re seeing here: not just another Chinese-made budget steel, but a carefully chosen ingredient in a recipe that deserves a closer look.
If I understand this correctly, the whole process is a bit like cooking: first the oven, then the fridge… Quenching (or hardening) creates the martensitic structure responsible for much of the steel’s hardness. Tempering then helps strike the right balance between hardness and toughness. And the amount of retained austenite, along with the size and distribution of carbides, can make a real difference too. Right?
Could this new recipe be directed by AI? After all, we’re in 2026, the Huang era, when Nvidia chips are flying in every direction, often when you least expect them to. Everybody seems to feel guilty about not using AI, so everyone wants to pay their way into the revolution. Who knows? Perhaps we’re looking at AI-designed, AI-controlled heat-treatment ovens, deciding exactly when to quench, temper, or throw a blade into the freezer. Maybe the next big thing in knife steel won’t be a new alloy at all, but a smarter cook in the kitchen!
A 2023 scientific study gives us an interesting example. The researchers measured 9Cr18MoV at 57.45 HRC after conventional heat treatment. Add a deep cryogenic treatment at −196°C, and the hardness climbs to 59.35 HRC. That’s almost two full points on the Rockwell C scale. Not exactly pocket change!
And then comes the interesting part.

A 2026 study published in Metals investigated 9Cr18MoV using CATRA cutting tests. The results were a reminder that steel performance is about much more than a fancy name or a high hardness number. Carbide distribution, microstructure and edge geometry all matter. Under one specific test condition, 9Cr18MoV showed a particularly interesting result, with lower measured wear volume than CPM 3V.
This does challenge the lazy assumption that an affordable steel must automatically deliver mediocre performance.

My point?
I’m just a Steel Geek. I do love exotic steels as much as the next knife nut. REX 121, K390, MagnaMax, CPM Cruwear, S90V, Nitrobe 77… bring them on!
But holy shit — pardon my French! — a properly heat-treated 9Cr18MoV can be a seriously capable performer. It has real potential, and with a carefully fine-tuned heat-treatment process, that potential can be pushed even further. And when you don’t have someone like Shane Houston around to experiment, test, tweak, and start all over again until you finally get the recipe right, artificial intelligence could help simulate different heat-treatment scenarios and save a considerable amount of trial-and-error time.
Who knows? Perhaps the next breakthrough in knife steel won’t come from inventing a new alloy, but from getting much better at cooking the ones we already have. Making martensitic steels great again! And with new heat-treatment protocols, we might even bring some classic steels back to life, revealing performance that few people would have expected from them.
Take AEB-L, for example. Originally developed for razor blades, this stainless steel can really shine when pushed to very high hardness levels. Its fine microstructure and excellent edge stability make it a fascinating material for modern knife making. And this potential has only recently begun to receive the attention it deserves.
Perhaps the future isn’t always about discovering new steels. It will be about discovering what the old ones were capable of all along.
As we say in French: “C’est dans les vieux pots qu’on fait les meilleures soupes.”
Or, as you say in English: “There’s life in the old dog yet!”
It’s not always about inventing a new steel. Sometimes, you just need to learn how to cook the old ones properly.
Yes… Sometimes, the best soup is made in an old pot.

A Few Technical Notes & Disclaimers
Before wrapping things up, a few clarifications are in order.
The 2026 CATRA study mentioned in this article should not be interpreted as proof that 9Cr18MoV is generally superior to CPM 3V. The results point to interesting wear-resistance characteristics under specific experimental conditions, but they do not establish an overall advantage in cutting performance or edge retention. As always, test conditions matter.
The references to AI-controlled heat-treatment ovens are speculative and somewhat tongue-in-cheek. I’m certainly not claiming that Spyderco uses AI to control its heat-treatment processes. We’re in 2026, after all, and apparently everything needs an AI angle these days!
Likewise, the 2023 study reporting an increase in hardness from 57.45 to 59.35 HRC following cryogenic treatment at −196°C demonstrates what can be achieved under that particular experimental protocol. It does not mean that Spyderco uses cryogenic treatment on the Retract.
Finally, Yangjiang, in China’s Guangdong province, has a well-established knife-making industry. My reference to a talented local “cooking master” is a playful way of acknowledging that expertise. I have no confirmation of where the Retract’s heat treatment actually takes place, or who is responsible for it.
The bottom line: this article combines my own hands-on experience with the Spyderco Retract, published scientific research, and a fair amount of curiosity and speculation. I’m a Steel Geek, not a metallurgist. So take the jokes as jokes, the research for what it actually demonstrates, and my impressions as just that: my impressions.
And remember: the best recipe is the one that works in the real world.










































































































































































